WHAT IS AN ARRAY?
A group of similar data is called Array. Which are stored in the memory location sorted in the computer's memory. It is a type of data structure in which work can be done very easily with the data stored. The array is also called Subscript Variable.
For example, in a school,, there is a class Array and in another class a student is Array. Now if we want to find a student or student, then we will need his class and Roll No, finding the student in Array Structure is simple. Will or will happen.
Array required
When we work with a lot of similar data, a lot of Variable Declare will have to be done for it. These variables will be given different names. When any operation will be done on these variables, it will be extremely difficult and apart from that, it will be difficult to remember the variable's name in the program.
So, we can store the same type of data by using an Array. The array will not give different names. There is only one name of Array in it and the number of data items that will be stored in this Array is called the limit of Array. Array's limit array is determined when declaring if we get Roll No. of fifty students. To store,
we will declare Array as follows -
With another example, we will understand Array -
int a[5];
From this array, we can store a maximum of 5 elements. All its elements will be of the same data type. Its five elements will be as follows.
a[0], a[1], a[2], a[3], a[4],
Hence Syntax of Array will be as follows -
Syntax :- data_type array_name[SIZE];
Array declaration by the compiler
When we declare an Array, the Compiler assigns it a Sequential position in Memory. In memory, it depends on the data type of the Space Array.
Example: - Space in memory for int a [5] will be Allotted as follows -
In the above example, a [5] is the name of an Array that has a maximum size of 5, so only a maximum of 5 values can be stored. The type of this array is int If the first element a [0] is at Memory Address 1000, then it's next a [1] address will be at 1002 because an int variable takes 2-byte space in memory. Subsequent elements will take place in memory in a sequential manner. This shows that the Array element can be treated as a variable.
Array Initialization
Array Element can be initialized as a simple variable. For example, Array's name is first of all. After that in elementals no. After that, the Assignment Operator can store the appropriate data type value continuously.
int a[5];
a [0] = 101;
a [1] = 102;
a [2] = 103;
a [3] = 104;
a [4] = 105;
We can also initialize the Array element as follows -
Int a [5] = {100,101,102,103,104,};
Here a [0] = 100 and a [1] = 101, a [2] = 102, a [3] = 103, a [4] = 104 value will be Assign The value in char type will be Assign as follows-
char gender[2] = { ‘M’, ‘F’};
cout <<gender[0];
cout <<gender[1];